Skip to main content

Patricia Howe Wines

Truly Handmade Wines from the Napa Valley
Home  About Us  16019 Sparkling Wines  16019 Pinot noirs  Gold Label Vinegars  Buy  Enological Issues  Contact Us  Nano Wineries   
VWM Articles > VESTA > WBM Articles > TTB Required Analysis > TTB Certification > Winery Sanitation Regs > Winery Sulfur Dioxide Usa >  

Winery Sanitation Issues (2009)

As background for a presentation I'm preparing, I called Mari Kirrane, the TTB Wine Specialist, to find out if the TTB had any oversite on winery sanitation issues. She said that the TTB does not, but put me in contact with the CA department of public health. Patrick Kennelly, Chief of the Food Safety Section of the California Department of Public Health prompty and thoroughly answered my questions and provided a list of regulations which apply to California wineries.

In Patrick's words:

Wineries have to comply with:

  • California Sherman Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (H%S 109875 et seq.)
  • Food Sanitation Act (H&S 111950 et seq.)
  • Tital 21 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 110
  • Title 17, California Code of Regulations, 17001 et seq.

 

Wines fall under the definition of alcoholic beverages and foods in California. Any provision related to the sanitary operations of a food manufacturer would also be applicable to a winery. Because California adopts the federal good manufacturing practice regulations for Foods (21 CFR 110) as state regulations, wineries must also comply with those requirements as well.

Patrick Kennelly, Chief

Food Safety Section

California Department of Public Health


Questions for Pat Kennelly & his replies
pH: Are all parts of a winery considered a food processing area (fruit receiving areas, fruit processing areas, fermentation, barrel storage, tank farms, bottled good, public tasting room, analytical lab, business offices, etc)?
PK: No, the offices and analytical lab are not considered processing area, but they also must not contribute any contamination to the processing areas. The tasting room falls more closely under the retail food facilities law, and is not considered a processing area. Any area related to the storage of raw, in process or finished materials and any area where processing, bottling or labeling is occurring is subject to the GMP regulations.

pH; And just for the sake of drama in a presentation...as I plan to use the traditional "winery dog" as an example...what is the ramification of having a dog in processing plant, and what are the degrees of fine or citation or hand-slapping? Would it matter which area the dog was in?
PK: If there is evidence that the dog has contaminated equipment or product, embargoes can be placed on the effected materials. The worst case scenario is a $1,000 fine.

pH: The traditional argument/discussion with wines is the happy circumstance of (at least to date) not being able to harbor any human pathogens. What is the state's attitude towards non-toxic spoilage or other microbiological growths with respect to GMPs or contamination?
PK: Spoiled wines are still adulterated under the law, even though they may not harbor a pathogen. Wines must be protected from contamination, just as any other food.
What are these regulations?
I took the time and trouble to locate and upload these documents make it easier for you to become familiar with them. (You're welcome!)
Federal current Good Manufacturing Practices are elaborated in 21 CFR 110. This is a relatively short document, just 8 pages, and worth the read.
deals mostly Wine Standards and Prohibited Practices for Californian wines. It's just over 2 pages, begining with Article 14. Incidently, it is this section that contains the famous phrase regarding water usage..."to facilitate normal fermentation". Apparently the CA dept of public health investigates this part of this code more than any of the others listed on this webpage.
Food Sanitation Act (H&S 111950 et. seq) is a 2 page document well worth the time to read. These regulations apply to California wineries, and I don't think some of them know it.
California Sherman Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (H&S 109875 et. seq.)This thing is a monster at 119 pages, and I am slowly plowing my way through it to see what surprises are in store. If you read it and find things you'd like to call attention to, please contact us and share.

Wine Institute's circa 1975

"Guide to Winery Sanitation"